5-Ammoniumvaleric Acid Iodide 5-AVAI 99% ATOMFAIR®

5-AMMONIUMVALERIC ACID IODIDE C₅H₁₂INO₂ 99% 5-AVAI CAS 1705581-28-7

RESEARCH GRADE MATERIAL

Product Overview

5-Ammoniumvaleric Acid Iodide (C₅H₁₂INO₂, 5-AVAI, CAS 1705581-28-7) is a carboxyl-functionalized alkyl iodide salt perovskite modification precursor with C₅H₁₂INO₂ 99% purity 5-AVAI, supplied as a white solid powder with a molecular weight of 245.06 g/mol and freely soluble in perovskite-relevant polar organic solvents including DMF and DMSO. This compound features a unique dual-functional molecular architecture bearing both ammonium and carboxyl groups, functioning as an advanced perovskite defect passivation agent. When incorporated into perovskite systems, the carboxyl group coordinates with lead sites to efficiently passivate lead dangling bonds and iodine vacancy defects at thin film surfaces and grain boundaries, dramatically reducing non-radiative recombination losses and extending carrier lifetime. The flexible alkyl chain simultaneously relieves perovskite thin film stress, improves film formation quality, and enhances device humidity and thermal stability. Widely utilized in high-efficiency perovskite solar cell, photodetector, and light-emitting device defect passivation research, this precursor is compatible with spin-coating and precursor co-blending mainstream thin-film preparation techniques. With stable batch-to-batch purity and excellent experimental reproducibility, the product requires strict light-sensitive hygroscopic glovebox storage to maintain material integrity.

Technical Specifications

PARAMETER	DETAILS
Product Abbreviation	5-AVAI
Full Name	5-Ammoniumvaleric Acid Iodide
Molecular Formula	C₅H₁₂INO₂
CAS Number	1705581-28-7
Molecular Weight	245.06 g/mol
Functional Groups	Ammonium (-NH₃⁺) / Carboxyl (-COOH)
Specification	5 g
Purity	>99%
Physical Form	White Solid Powder
Solubility	Freely Soluble in DMF, DMSO and Polar Organic Solvents
Storage Conditions	Light-Protected, Dry, Sealed, Room Temperature; Long-Term: N₂ Glovebox Recommended
Custom Configurations	Other packaging specifications are available upon request. Please contact us via email for custom orders.

Key Features & Advantages

Carboxyl-Lead Coordination for Superior Defect Passivation: The carboxyl group selectively coordinates with under-coordinated lead sites at perovskite surfaces and grain boundaries, directly passivating lead dangling bonds—among the most detrimental non-radiative recombination centers in perovskite thin films.
Dual-Functional Architecture: Ammonium and Carboxyl Synergy: The simultaneous presence of ammonium and carboxyl groups enables complementary passivation of both cationic (lead) and anionic (iodine vacancy) defects, delivering comprehensive defect management through a single precursor molecule.
Flexible Alkyl Chain Stress Relief for Film Quality Enhancement: The five-carbon alkyl spacer between functional groups provides mechanical flexibility that relieves perovskite thin film stress, improves film formation quality, and reduces cracking during thermal cycling for enhanced device durability.
Enhanced Humidity and Thermal Stability: The combined effects of lead site coordination, defect passivation, and stress relief contribute to significantly improved device stability under both humid ambient conditions and prolonged thermal stress.

APPLICATION SCOPE: Carboxyl-functionalized defect passivation agent for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Lead dangling bond and iodine vacancy passivation precursor for reducing non-radiative recombination losses. Film stress relief and morphology improvement additive for enhanced perovskite thin film quality. Humidity and thermal stability enhancement agent for perovskite optoelectronic devices. Compatible with spin-coating and precursor co-blending deposition protocols. Supports perovskite solar cell, photodetector, and light-emitting device defect passivation research in university and research institute laboratories.

PACKAGING: This listing is for the 5 g specification. Other packaging weights are available upon custom request. Each package is sealed under inert atmosphere within light-protective packaging to prevent photodegradation and moisture ingress. The hygroscopic nature of 5-ammoniumvaleric acid iodide necessitates immediate transfer to a desiccated, light-protected storage environment—preferably a nitrogen-filled glovebox for long-term storage. For bulk quantities or custom packaging specifications, please contact us via email.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: 5-Ammoniumvaleric acid iodide is hygroscopic and light-sensitive. Tighten the container cap immediately after each use to prevent moisture ingress from ambient air. Wear protective gloves throughout all experimental procedures; avoid direct skin contact. Store in a light-protected, moisture-free environment; do not store together with strong oxidizing agents or strong acids. Prioritize powder weighing and solution preparation within a nitrogen-filled inert glovebox (H₂O < 1 ppm, O₂ < 1 ppm). For long-term storage, inert-atmosphere glovebox conditions are recommended. Exposure to atmospheric moisture will cause deliquescence and hydrolysis, irreversibly degrading precursor stoichiometry and compromising carboxyl group reactivity. For detailed safety and handling information, consult the Safety Data Sheet prior to use.

TAILORED SOLUTIONS FOR RESEARCH

Contact our engineering team for technical support or official quotations.

EMAIL: inquiry@atomfair.com

Manufacturer: Atomfair LLC

Brand: ATOMFAIR®

This material is hygroscopic and light-sensitive, requiring strict protection from moisture and light to prevent deliquescence, hydrolysis, and irreversible degradation of precursor stoichiometry. Long-term storage under inert atmosphere (N₂ glovebox, H₂O < 1 ppm, O₂ < 1 ppm) is recommended to maintain carboxyl group reactivity and batch integrity.

Moisture Sensitivity: Exposure to atmospheric moisture causes deliquescence and hydrolysis, irreversibly degrading precursor stoichiometry and compromising carboxyl group reactivity.
Light Sensitivity: Photodegradation necessitates light-protective packaging and storage in a light-free environment to maintain material integrity.
Incompatible Storage: Do not store together with strong oxidizing agents or strong acids to prevent hazardous reactions.
Glovebox Requirement: Powder weighing and solution preparation should be prioritized within a nitrogen-filled inert glovebox with H₂O < 1 ppm and O₂ < 1 ppm to avoid moisture ingress.

HowTo

This protocol describes safe handling and storage procedures for the hygroscopic, light-sensitive perovskite defect passivation precursor. Strict inert-atmosphere techniques are required to prevent material degradation and ensure experimental reproducibility.

Required Equipment: Nitrogen-filled glovebox (H₂O < 1 ppm, O₂ < 1 ppm), Light-protective container or amber glass vial, Protective gloves

Prepare Glovebox Environment
Verify that the nitrogen-filled glovebox maintains H₂O below 1 ppm and O₂ below 1 ppm before introducing the material.
Transfer Material to Glovebox
Transfer the sealed, light-protective package into the glovebox antechamber and purge according to standard protocol before opening.
Weigh Powder Under Inert Atmosphere
Weigh the required amount of white solid powder inside the glovebox using a clean, dry spatula and tare container.
Tighten Container Cap Immediately
Tighten the container cap immediately after each use to prevent moisture ingress from ambient air.
Store in Light-Protected Environment
Store the sealed container in a light-protected, desiccated environment, preferably inside the nitrogen glovebox for long-term storage.

FAQ

How does the carboxyl group in 5-AVAI specifically passivate lead dangling bonds compared to other passivation agents?

The carboxyl group selectively coordinates with under-coordinated lead sites at perovskite surfaces and grain boundaries, directly passivating lead dangling bonds—among the most detrimental non-radiative recombination centers in perovskite thin films. This dual-functional architecture also enables complementary passivation of iodine vacancy defects through the ammonium group, delivering comprehensive defect management from a single precursor molecule.

What are the solubility and processing requirements for incorporating 5-AVAI into perovskite precursor solutions?

5-AVAI is freely soluble in perovskite-relevant polar organic solvents including DMF and DMSO, making it compatible with spin-coating and precursor co-blending mainstream thin-film preparation techniques. The compound is supplied as a white solid powder with >99% purity and a molecular weight of 245.06 g/mol, ensuring reliable batch-to-batch reproducibility for solution-based deposition protocols.

What storage conditions are required to prevent degradation of 5-AVAI?

5-AVAI is hygroscopic and light-sensitive; it must be stored in a light-protected, dry, sealed container at room temperature. For long-term storage, a nitrogen-filled glovebox with H₂O < 1 ppm and O₂ < 1 ppm is recommended, as exposure to atmospheric moisture causes deliquescence and hydrolysis, irreversibly degrading precursor stoichiometry and compromising carboxyl group reactivity.

Assessment

5-Ammoniumvaleric Acid Iodide (5-AVAI) is a carboxyl-functionalized alkyl iodide salt for perovskite defect passivation, featuring dual ammonium and carboxyl groups that coordinate with lead sites and iodine vacancies to reduce non-radiative recombination and improve film quality. Its hygroscopic and light-sensitive nature mandates glovebox storage and handling.

Positive

Carboxyl-Lead Coordination Passivation: The carboxyl group selectively coordinates with under-coordinated lead sites at perovskite surfaces and grain boundaries, directly passivating lead dangling bonds—among the most detrimental non-radiative recombination centers in perovskite thin films.
Dual-Functional Ammonium and Carboxyl Synergy: The simultaneous presence of ammonium and carboxyl groups enables complementary passivation of both cationic (lead) and anionic (iodine vacancy) defects, delivering comprehensive defect management through a single precursor molecule.

Trade-offs

Hygroscopic and Light-Sensitive Storage Required: The compound is hygroscopic and light-sensitive; exposure to atmospheric moisture causes deliquescence and hydrolysis, irreversibly degrading precursor stoichiometry and compromising carboxyl group reactivity. Storage must be in light-protected, sealed containers under inert atmosphere.
Inert Atmosphere Handling Mandatory: Powder weighing and solution preparation should be performed within a nitrogen-filled glovebox (H2O < 1 ppm, O2 < 1 ppm) to prevent moisture ingress and maintain material integrity for reproducible experimental results.

Quality Standards & Performance Verification

Every advanced material, component, equipment, and instrument in our catalog is backed by rigorous testing. We maintain strict internal quality management frameworks and align with CE conformity metrics to deliver transparent, reproducible performance data via our public open-science repository.

To request raw batch performance data, submit formal vendor registration paperwork, or execute a fast-turnaround R&D manufacturing loop, contact us at inquiry@atomfair.com.

Shipping & Returns

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