In-Situ and Operando Measurement Tools

In-Situ Impedance Spectroscopy for Dynamic Analysis

Operando Calorimetry for Heat Flow Measurement

In-Situ UV-Vis Spectroscopy for Redox Reactions

Operando Pressure Analysis in Pouch Cells

In-Situ Mössbauer Spectroscopy for Iron-Based Electrodes

Operando Acoustic Emission Testing for Mechanical Failure

In-Situ Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) for Mass Changes

Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)