Description

Antimony Pentafluoride (SbF₅) is a highly reactive inorganic compound with the molecular formula F₅Sb. This colorless, viscous liquid is one of the strongest Lewis acids known, making it an invaluable reagent in advanced chemical synthesis and catalysis. With a CAS number of 7783-70-2, it is widely recognized for its role in superacid systems, particularly when combined with fluorosulfuric acid (HSO₃F) to form the legendary Magic Acid. Antimony pentafluoride is hygroscopic and must be handled under strict anhydrous conditions. Ideal for researchers and industrial chemists, it is available in high-purity grades suitable for fluorination reactions, polymer chemistry, and electrochemical applications. Proper storage in sealed containers under inert gas is essential to maintain its reactivity and shelf life.

Properties

• CAS Number: 7783-70-2
• Complexity: 37.1
• IUPAC Name: pentafluoro-lambda5-stibane
• InChI: InChI=1S/5FH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+5/p-5
• InChI Key: VBVBHWZYQGJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I
• Exact Mass: 215.89583
• Molecular Formula: F5Sb
• Molecular Weight: 216.752
• SMILES: F[Sb](F)(F)(F)F
• Monoisotopic Mass: 215.89583
• Physical Description: Antimony pentafluoride appears as a colorless, oily liquid. Fumes irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Toxic. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Extremely dangerous to tissue; its burns may be followed by gangrene. Only shipped in cylinders. Under prolonged exposure to heat cylinders may violently rupture and rocket. Used to make other chemicals as well as a catalyst in the manufacture of other chemicals.
• Color/Form: Hygroscopic, moderately viscous liquid
• Odor: Sharp odor
• Boiling Point: 286 °F at 760 mmHg
• Melting Point: 47 °F
• Solubility: Reacts violently with water
• Density: 3.097 at 78.44 °F – Denser than water; will sink
• Vapor Pressure: Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 1.33
• Stability/Shelf Life: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
• Surface Tension: 20 dynes/cm = 0.20 N/m at 20 °C
• Synonyms: ANTIMONY PENTAFLUORIDE, Antimony(V) fluoride, Pentafluoroantimony, Antimony (V) fluoride, Antimony(V) pentafluoride, Antimony fluoride (SbF5), HSDB 442, EINECS 232-021-8, UNII-6C93R71VRF, UN1732, 6C93R71VRF, DTXSID00893075, SbF5 cpd, Antimony(5+) fluoride, Pentafluoruro de antimonio, Antimony(5+) pentafluoride, Atomergic antimony pentafluoride, DTXCID001323029, Pentafluoruro de antimonio (Spanish), 232-021-8, antimony fluoride, antimony pentafluoride [mi], un-1732, 7783-70-2, pentafluoro-lambda5-stibane, Antimony(V) fluoride compound with graphite, Antimonypentafluoride, pentafluorostibine, pentafluorostiborane, pentafluoridoantimony, Antimon(V)-fluorid, MFCD00011219, SbF5, antimony-penta-fluoride, Antimony(V) fluoride, 99%, SCHEMBL148665, CHEBI:193146, pentakis(fluoranyl)-^{5}-stibane, SBB095340, AKOS016015580, DB-002634, Antimony pentafluoride [UN1732] [Corrosive], A839231, Antimony(V) fluoride, 99.99% trace metals basis, Q411381, Antimony pentafluoride compound with graphite (50/50), Antimony(V) fluoride on graphite, extent of labeling: 50 wt. % loading

Application

Antimony pentafluoride is primarily used as a potent fluorinating agent and catalyst in organic and inorganic synthesis. It plays a critical role in the production of superacids for carbocation studies and hydrocarbon activation. In industrial settings, it is employed in the manufacture of specialty fluorochemicals and as a component in certain fluoride glass formulations. Its extreme Lewis acidity also makes it useful in polymerization reactions and as a catalyst in isomerization processes.

Safety and Hazards

GHS Hazard Statements

• H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
• H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]
• H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]
• H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statements

• P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P330, P391, and P501

Hazard Classes and Categories

• Acute toxicity – Category 1
• Skin corrosion/irritation – Category 1A-1C
• Serious eye damage/eye irritation – Category 1
• Carcinogenicity – Category 2
• Specific target organ toxicity – Single exposure – Category 2
• Specific target organ toxicity – Repeated exposure – Category 1 , Category 2

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Disclaimer: Sold exclusively for laboratory research. Prohibited for commercial use, diagnostics, or human/animal applications. Buyers assume all compliance liability.