Recent breakthroughs in the application of LaNiO3 (lanthanum nickelate) as a catalyst have highlighted its exceptional performance in oxygen evolution reactions (OER). A 2023 study published in *Nature Energy* demonstrated that nanostructured LaNiO3 achieved an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA/cm², significantly lower than the 320 mV observed for benchmark IrO2 catalysts. This improvement is attributed to the material's unique perovskite structure, which facilitates efficient electron transfer and optimal oxygen adsorption. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Ni-O bond length in LaNiO3 can be tuned to enhance catalytic activity, with a bond length of 1.93 Å yielding the highest OER performance. These findings position LaNiO3 as a promising alternative to expensive noble metal catalysts in water-splitting technologies.
In the field of CO2 reduction, LaNiO3 has emerged as a highly efficient catalyst for converting CO2 into value-added chemicals. A groundbreaking study in *Science Advances* (2023) reported that LaNiO3 nanoparticles achieved a CO2-to-CO conversion efficiency of 92% at -0.8 V vs. RHE, with a Faradaic efficiency of 88%. This performance was attributed to the material's high surface area (45 m²/g) and the presence of oxygen vacancies, which act as active sites for CO2 adsorption and activation. Furthermore, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that the Ni³⁺/Ni²⁺ redox couple plays a critical role in stabilizing reaction intermediates, enabling sustained catalytic activity over 100 hours without degradation.
LaNiO3 has also shown remarkable potential in methane combustion, a key process for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A 2022 study in *Applied Catalysis B: Environmental* demonstrated that LaNiO3 supported on γ-Al2O3 achieved complete methane conversion at just 450°C, compared to 550°C for conventional Pd-based catalysts. The researchers attributed this enhancement to the synergistic effect between LaNiO3 and γ-Al2O3, which promotes lattice oxygen mobility and stabilizes active Ni species. Additionally, time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR) revealed that methane activation occurs primarily at Ni-O-La interfacial sites, with an activation energy of 0.85 eV, significantly lower than the 1.2 eV observed for Pd catalysts.
Recent advancements in defect engineering have further expanded the catalytic applications of LaNiO3. A 2023 study in *Advanced Materials* showed that introducing A-site deficiencies (La1-xNiO3) enhances hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity by increasing the density of active sites and improving charge transfer kinetics. Specifically, La0.9NiO3 exhibited a HER overpotential of 120 mV at -10 mA/cm², outperforming Pt/C catalysts at high current densities (>50 mA/cm²). This improvement was linked to the formation of Ni³⁺/Ni²⁺ redox pairs and optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy (-0.12 eV), as confirmed by DFT simulations.
Finally, LaNiO3 has been explored as a bifunctional catalyst for integrated energy storage and conversion systems. A pioneering study in *Energy & Environmental Science* (2023) demonstrated that LaNiO3-based electrodes achieved an energy density of 320 Wh/kg and a power density of 1.5 kW/kg in hybrid supercapacitors, while simultaneously maintaining high catalytic activity for OER (overpotential: 280 mV). This dual functionality is enabled by the material's pseudocapacitive behavior and robust structural stability under harsh electrochemical conditions. These findings open new avenues for developing multifunctional materials for next-generation energy technologies.
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