Quantum dot (QD) solar cells leverage nanoscale semiconductor particles to achieve tunable bandgaps and high absorption coefficients exceeding those of bulk materials. Recent advancements have pushed QD cell efficiencies above 18%, with theoretical limits estimated at around 44%. A Science Advances study demonstrated that PbS QDs functionalized with organic ligands achieved a PCE of -17-8% under AM1-5G illumination.
Surface passivation techniques using halide ions have significantly reduced trap states in QDs , enhancing charge carrier lifetimes by up to threefold . For instance , iodide - treated PbSe QDs exhibited lifetimes exceeding -100 nanoseconds , compared to -30 nanoseconds for untreated samples . This improvement has led to higher open - circuit voltages , reaching up to -0-8 V .
The incorporation of QDs into perovskite matrices has yielded hybrid devices with efficiencies above -20 % . These hybrids combine the tunable absorption properties of QDs with the excellent charge transport characteristics of perovskites . A recent Nature Materials paper reported that CsPbI3 QD - perovskite hybrids achieved a PCE of -20-5 % and retained -90 % efficiency after -500 hours under continuous light exposure .
Scalability challenges persist due to the complex synthesis processes required for high-quality QDs . However , advances in solution-based methods have reduced production costs by up to -50 % while maintaining performance . This progress is critical for enabling large-scale deployment of QD solar technologies.
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