Silicon-based quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as a leading platform for scalable quantum computing due to their compatibility with existing CMOS technology. Recent advancements have achieved single-qubit gate fidelities exceeding 99.9%, with coherence times of up to 100 microseconds at millikelvin temperatures. These metrics are critical for error correction in quantum algorithms.
The integration of QDs with silicon spin qubits has enabled the demonstration of two-qubit gates with fidelities above 98%. This is achieved through precise electrostatic control of exchange interactions, which can be tuned to frequencies as low as 1 GHz. Such precision is essential for minimizing crosstalk in multi-qubit systems.
Researchers have also developed hybrid architectures combining silicon QDs with superconducting resonators, achieving strong coupling strengths of up to 10 MHz. This paves the way for quantum networks where silicon qubits can interface with photonic systems for long-distance entanglement distribution.
Recent studies have demonstrated the fabrication of QDs with sub-10 nm precision using atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography. This level of control allows for the creation of qubit arrays with densities exceeding 10^6 qubits per square centimeter, a key milestone for large-scale quantum processors.
The use of isotopically purified silicon-28 has further enhanced coherence times by reducing nuclear spin noise. With isotopic enrichment levels above 99.99%, spin dephasing times have been extended to over 1 millisecond, making silicon QDs a frontrunner in the race for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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