Tandem Solar Cells

Tandem solar cells, which combine multiple semiconductor materials with complementary bandgaps, are at the forefront of photovoltaic research due to their potential to surpass the efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells. Tandem cells typically consist of a wide-bandgap top cell, such as perovskite or gallium arsenide (GaAs), and a narrow-bandgap bottom cell, such as silicon or copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). These cells can achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 30%, compared to 25% for single-junction silicon cells. Research is focused on optimizing the bandgap matching, improving the interfacial compatibility, and enhancing the stability of tandem cells. For example, the use of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) and tunnel junctions can improve the efficiency and stability of tandem cells.

The fabrication of tandem solar cells involves advanced techniques, such as epitaxial growth, sputtering, and atomic layer deposition (ALD), which enable precise control over the composition and thickness of each layer. Epitaxial growth is commonly used for III-V tandem cells, achieving PCEs of over 30%, while solution-based techniques, such as spin-coating and blade-coating, are being developed for perovskite-silicon tandem cells. The integration of tandem cells with bifacial architectures, which capture light from both sides of the cell, is also being explored to achieve PCEs of over 35%. For example, bifacial perovskite-silicon tandem cells have demonstrated PCEs of 33.7%, surpassing the efficiency limits of single-junction cells. These advancements are driving the commercialization of tandem solar cells, with market projections estimating the global tandem solar cell market to reach $5.8 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 28.4%.

From a futuristic perspective, tandem solar cells are expected to enable the development of ultra-high-efficiency solar modules for applications in utility-scale solar farms, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), and portable power systems. The exploration of hybrid tandem systems, combining perovskites with other semiconductors like quantum dots or organic materials, is opening new avenues for innovation. Beyond photovoltaics, tandem cells are being considered for applications in photoelectrochemical water splitting and artificial photosynthesis, where their unique properties can be leveraged to enhance performance. The convergence of materials science, chemistry, and engineering is accelerating the realization of tandem solar cell technologies, heralding a new era of high-efficiency and low-cost photovoltaics.

Atomfair (atomfair.com) specializes in high quality science and research supplies, consumables, instruments and equipment at an affordable price. Start browsing and purchase all the cool materials and supplies related to Tandem Solar Cells!

← Back to Prior Page ← Back to Atomfair SciBase