Recent advancements in SrTiO3-based photocatalysis have demonstrated its exceptional potential for solar-driven water splitting, achieving hydrogen evolution rates of up to 12.5 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ under simulated sunlight. This breakthrough is attributed to the introduction of oxygen vacancies and the strategic doping of transition metals, which significantly enhance charge carrier separation and light absorption. For instance, Ni-doped SrTiO3 has shown a 4-fold increase in photocatalytic activity compared to pristine SrTiO3, with a quantum efficiency of 15.2% at 420 nm. These modifications not only improve the material's performance but also extend its absorption spectrum into the visible region, addressing one of the key limitations of traditional SrTiO3.
The integration of SrTiO3 with two-dimensional materials like graphene and MoS2 has opened new avenues for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. Recent studies have reported that a SrTiO3/graphene nanocomposite exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 18.7 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, nearly double that of pure SrTiO3. The graphene layer acts as an electron sink, reducing recombination losses and facilitating rapid electron transfer. Additionally, the incorporation of MoS2 as a co-catalyst has been shown to lower the overpotential for hydrogen evolution, resulting in a 30% improvement in overall efficiency. These hybrid systems are paving the way for scalable and cost-effective photocatalytic applications.
Surface engineering through nanostructuring has emerged as a powerful strategy to optimize the photocatalytic performance of SrTiO3. By fabricating SrTiO3 nanocubes with exposed {100} facets, researchers have achieved a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 22.3 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, which is among the highest reported for perovskite-based photocatalysts. The enhanced activity is attributed to the high surface area and improved charge carrier mobility on these well-defined facets. Furthermore, hierarchical nanostructures such as mesoporous SrTiO3 have demonstrated superior light harvesting capabilities, with a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency exceeding 2.8%. These findings underscore the importance of morphology control in advancing photocatalysis.
The development of defect-engineered SrTiO3 has revolutionized its application in CO2 photoreduction, yielding methane production rates as high as 1.2 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ under visible light irradiation. By introducing Ti³⁺ defects via controlled reduction processes, researchers have achieved a significant enhancement in CO2 adsorption and activation on the catalyst surface. Moreover, dual-defect engineering involving both oxygen vacancies and Ti³⁺ sites has been shown to synergistically improve charge separation and catalytic activity, resulting in a 50% increase in methane yield compared to single-defect systems. These innovations highlight the potential of defect engineering in tailoring SrTiO3 for specific photocatalytic reactions.
Recent studies have explored the role of plasmonic nanoparticles in boosting the photocatalytic performance of SrTiO3 under visible light illumination. The deposition of Au nanoparticles on SrTiO3 surfaces has led to a dramatic enhancement in hydrogen production rates, reaching up to 25 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. The plasmonic hot electrons generated by Au nanoparticles are efficiently transferred to SrTiO3, driving redox reactions with minimal energy loss. Additionally, Ag-decorated SrTiO3 has shown promising results in organic pollutant degradation, achieving complete mineralization within 60 minutes under visible light exposure.
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