Recent advancements in quantum-dot-based single-photon sources have achieved unprecedented purity and indistinguishability, with photon indistinguishability exceeding 99.5% at cryogenic temperatures. These sources leverage strain-tuned InAs/GaAs quantum dots, enabling deterministic photon emission with sub-nanosecond timing jitter. Such precision is critical for scalable quantum networks and fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures.
Integration of quantum dots with photonic crystal cavities has enhanced photon extraction efficiency to over 90%, a significant leap from traditional methods that struggled to surpass 30%. This is achieved through Purcell enhancement, where the cavity modifies the local density of states to accelerate spontaneous emission. These systems operate at wavelengths compatible with existing fiber-optic infrastructure (1550 nm), ensuring practical deployment in quantum communication networks.
The development of electrically driven quantum-dot single-photon sources has reduced system complexity by eliminating the need for external lasers. Recent prototypes demonstrate a photon generation rate of 100 MHz with a g(2)(0) value below 0.01, indicating near-perfect single-photon emission. This breakthrough paves the way for compact, on-chip integration with CMOS-compatible fabrication processes.
Challenges remain in achieving room-temperature operation and scalability across multiple qubits. However, hybrid approaches combining quantum dots with two-dimensional materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) show promise. These heterostructures exhibit enhanced exciton binding energies (>200 meV), enabling stable operation at elevated temperatures while maintaining high photon coherence.
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