High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are emerging as a revolutionary class of cathode precursors, offering unparalleled compositional diversity and electrochemical stability. Recent studies have demonstrated that HEOs such as (Mg, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn)O exhibit a discharge capacity of 210 mAh/g at 0.1C, outperforming traditional layered oxides by ~15%. The entropy-stabilized structure mitigates phase transitions during cycling, reducing capacity fade to less than 5% over 500 cycles. This makes HEOs ideal for high-energy-density applications in electric vehicles (EVs).
The synthesis of HEOs involves advanced techniques like mechanochemical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS), which enable precise control over atomic distribution. For instance, SPS at 1200°C for 10 minutes yields a single-phase HEO with a crystallite size of ~50 nm. Such nanoscale homogeneity enhances ionic conductivity by up to 2 orders of magnitude compared to conventional precursors. This breakthrough paves the way for scalable production of high-performance cathodes.
Recent computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) reveal that the configurational entropy in HEOs lowers the activation energy for Li+ diffusion to ~0.3 eV, significantly improving rate capability. Experimental validation shows that HEO-based cathodes achieve a power density of 1.5 kW/kg at 5C, making them suitable for fast-charging applications. These findings underscore the potential of entropy engineering in battery materials.
The environmental impact of HEOs is also noteworthy. Life cycle assessments indicate that HEO production reduces cobalt usage by up to 70%, addressing ethical and supply chain concerns. Furthermore, the enhanced thermal stability of HEOs reduces the risk of thermal runaway, with onset temperatures exceeding 300°C compared to ~200°C in conventional cathodes.
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