Hybrid electrolyzer systems that integrate PEM and AEM technologies offer unique advantages by leveraging the strengths of both systems. For instance, combining PEM's high efficiency with AEM's cost-effectiveness has resulted in systems achieving efficiencies above 75% at current densities of 2 A/cm² . This hybrid approach also reduces reliance on precious metals , with iridium loading reduced by 50% compared to standalone PEM systems .
One key innovation in hybrid systems is the use of bifunctional catalysts capable of operating efficiently across both acidic and alkaline environments . Recent studies have demonstrated that NiFe layered double hydroxides ( LDHs ) exhibit exceptional activity for oxygen evolution reaction ( OER ) in both pH regimes , achieving overpotentials as low as 280 mV at 10 mA / cm² . This versatility simplifies system design and reduces material costs .
Another advantage is improved durability , as hybrid systems mitigate degradation mechanisms specific to individual technologies . For example , combining PEM ' s robust proton exchange membranes with AEM ' s chemically stable anion exchange membranes has extended system lifetimes beyond 20 ,000 hours under continuous operation .
Scalability remains a challenge due to complex system integration requirements . However , modular designs using standardized components have shown promise , enabling rapid deployment across diverse applications from grid - scale energy storage to industrial hydrogen production .
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