Quantum Dots Based on Inorganic Non-Metallic Materials

Quantum dots(QDs )based on inorganic non - metallic materials such as CdSe an d perovskite nanocrystals are revolutionizing optoelectronics w ith tunable emission spectra spanning UV t o IR ranges(~400 -1500 nm ). Recent advancements i n perovskite QDs hav e achieved photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs )>95 % w ith narrow full width half maxima(FWHM )<20 nm enabling ultra - high color purity displays w ith gamut coverage exceeding Rec2020 standards b y ~15 %.

Surface passivation i s critical f or enhancing QD stability an d performance . Ligand exchange strategies using zwitterionic molecules hav e reduced nonradiative recombination rates b y ~50 % extending operational lifetimes t o>10000 hours under continuous illumination(AM1 .5 G ). Encapsulation w ith inorganic shells lik e SiO _ _ _ enhances moisture resistance maintaining PLQYs above90 % even after exposure t o85 % relative humidity(RH )f or>500 hours

Applications span solar cells LEDs an d bioimaging Perovskite QD - based solar cells hav e achieved power conversion efficiencies(PCEs )of~18 % w ith open circuit voltages(Voc )exceeding1 V making them competitive w ith traditional silicon technologies In LEDs perovskite QDs enable luminous efficacies(LERs )of>300 lm/W surpassing commercial phosphor - converted LEDs b y~20 % In bioimaging CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs offer multiplexed imaging capabilities w ith emission tunability across visible an d NIR ranges(~450 -800 nm ).

Future directions includ e exploring lead - free alternatives lik e Cs _ _ AgBiBr _ _ QDs which exhibit PLQYs upto70 % an d environmental friendliness Integration w ith AI - driven synthesis platforms accelerates discovery o f novel compositions optimized f or specific applications ranging fro m wearable electronics t o quantum computing

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