MXene-graphene hybrids have emerged as a transformative material for energy storage, leveraging the synergistic properties of MXenes (transition metal carbides/nitrides) and graphene. Recent studies have demonstrated that these hybrids exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity (>10,000 S/cm) and specific surface area (>500 m²/g), enabling high-capacity energy storage. For instance, a Ti₃C₂Tx MXene-graphene hybrid achieved a specific capacitance of 528 F/g at 2 mV/s in aqueous electrolytes, outperforming standalone MXenes (245 F/g) and graphene (200 F/g). The hybrid's layered structure facilitates rapid ion diffusion, with ionic conductivity reaching 0.1 S/cm, making it ideal for supercapacitors and batteries.
The electrochemical performance of MXene-graphene hybrids is further enhanced by their tunable interlayer spacing and surface chemistry. By controlling the oxidation state of MXenes and the degree of graphene functionalization, researchers have achieved unprecedented energy densities. A recent breakthrough involved a hybrid with an interlayer spacing of 1.2 nm, which delivered an energy density of 98 Wh/kg at a power density of 10 kW/kg in symmetric supercapacitors. This surpasses conventional carbon-based materials by over 300%. Additionally, the hybrid's stability was remarkable, retaining 95% capacitance after 50,000 cycles at 10 A/g.
MXene-graphene hybrids also excel in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high lithium-ion diffusion coefficients and mechanical robustness. A hybrid anode composed of Ti₃C₂Tx MXene and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) exhibited a specific capacity of 1,200 mAh/g at 0.1 C, significantly higher than graphite (372 mAh/g). The hybrid's volumetric capacity reached 3,500 mAh/cm³, addressing the critical challenge of low volumetric energy density in LIBs. Moreover, the material demonstrated exceptional rate capability, delivering 800 mAh/g at 5 C with minimal capacity fade over 1,000 cycles.
Beyond LIBs, MXene-graphene hybrids are promising for next-generation sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). A Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/MXene-graphene cathode achieved a reversible capacity of 117 mAh/g at 0.2 C with a coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%. The hybrid's unique architecture enabled fast Na⁺ diffusion kinetics, with an ionic conductivity of 0.05 S/cm. Furthermore, the material exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 90% capacity after 2,000 cycles at 1 C. These results highlight the potential of MXene-graphene hybrids to overcome the limitations of conventional SIB cathodes.
Finally, MXene-graphene hybrids are being explored for advanced flexible energy storage devices due to their mechanical flexibility and high conductivity. A flexible supercapacitor fabricated with a Ti₃C₂Tx-rGO hybrid demonstrated a specific capacitance of 450 F/g under bending conditions (180°), with negligible performance degradation after 10,000 bending cycles. The device also achieved an areal energy density of 120 µWh/cm² at a power density of -1 mW/cm² , making it suitable for wearable electronics. These advancements underscore the versatility and scalability of MXene-graphene hybrids in addressing the growing demand for high-performance energy storage solutions.
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