Recent advancements in II-VI quantum dots (QDs), such as CdSe and ZnS, have demonstrated record-breaking photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) exceeding 95%, making them ideal for ultra-high-definition displays. These QDs exhibit tunable emission wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm, achieved through precise control of particle size and surface passivation. The incorporation of alloyed structures like CdSe/ZnS has further enhanced stability against photobleaching, with lifetimes exceeding 10,000 hours under continuous illumination. Such properties are critical for commercial applications in QLED displays, which are projected to dominate the $50 billion display market by 2030.
The synthesis of II-VI QDs has evolved to include eco-friendly methods, such as aqueous-phase synthesis using biomolecules like glutathione, reducing toxic cadmium leakage by over 90%. These green methods achieve comparable optical properties to traditional organometallic routes while aligning with stringent environmental regulations. Additionally, the integration of QDs into flexible substrates has enabled foldable and rollable displays with bending radii as low as 1 mm without performance degradation. This flexibility is driven by advances in ligand engineering, which improve adhesion and mechanical resilience.
Emerging applications of II-VI QDs extend beyond displays into quantum computing and bioimaging. For instance, CdSe/ZnS QDs have been used as single-photon emitters with g(2)(0) values below 0.1, essential for quantum communication protocols. In bioimaging, their high brightness and biocompatibility enable real-time tracking of cellular processes with sub-10 nm spatial resolution. These dual-use capabilities position II-VI QDs as a cornerstone technology for both consumer electronics and scientific research.
Scalability remains a challenge for II-VI QD production, but recent breakthroughs in continuous-flow reactors have increased throughput by a factor of 100 while maintaining monodispersity (size distribution <5%). This innovation reduces production costs by up to 70%, making QD-based displays more accessible. Furthermore, the development of cadmium-free alternatives like InP/ZnS QDs is gaining traction, with PLQYs approaching 90%, ensuring compliance with global regulations while maintaining performance.
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