The discovery of graphene has spurred interest in other two-dimensional (2D) non-metallic materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and MXenes. h-BN, often referred to as 'white graphene,' exhibits an ultra-high thermal conductivity of ~600 W/m·K at room temperature, making it an ideal candidate for thermal management in electronic devices. Its wide bandgap (~6 eV) also ensures excellent electrical insulation while maintaining mechanical strength comparable to graphene (~100 GPa). These properties make h-BN indispensable in flexible electronics and high-power devices where heat dissipation is critical.
TMDs like MoS2 and WS2 have emerged as promising semiconductors with tunable bandgaps ranging from 1.2 to 2 eV depending on the number of layers. Monolayer MoS2 exhibits a direct bandgap of ~1.8 eV and a carrier mobility of ~200 cm^2/V·s, making it suitable for next-generation transistors and photodetectors. Recent studies have demonstrated that stacking different TMDs into van der Waals heterostructures can create novel electronic properties such as superconductivity at temperatures below -250°C and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields exceeding 50%. These heterostructures open new possibilities for optoelectronic applications including solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
MXenes, a family of transition metal carbides and nitrides with general formula Mn+1XnTx (where M is a transition metal, X is carbon or nitrogen, n=1-3), have gained attention due to their metallic conductivity (>10^4 S/cm) and hydrophilicity despite being non-metallic in nature Ti3C2Tx MXene has shown exceptional electrochemical performance as an electrode material achieving specific capacitances exceeding1500 F/g at scan rates below10 mV/s making it ideal for supercapacitors Additionally its ability intercalate ions rapidly enables use batteries where energy densities surpass those conventional lithium-ion counterparts by up20%
Recent advancements synthesis techniques enabled scalable production these materials Chemical vapor deposition CVD used grow large-area single-crystal h-BN films defect densities below cm^- while liquid-phase exfoliation produces monolayer TMD suspensions concentrations mg/mL Additive manufacturing approaches like inkjet printing been employed fabricate flexible electronic circuits using inks containing MXenes These developments pave way integration into commercial devices ranging wearable sensors energy storage systems
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