Nanostructured metallic glasses (NMG) are gaining attention for their unique combination of high strength, low Young's modulus (~50 GPa), and excellent biocompatibility. Recent studies have shown that Zr-based NMGs exhibit tensile strengths exceeding 2 GPa while maintaining ductility levels above 5%, making them ideal for orthopedic implants. Their amorphous structure also eliminates grain boundaries, reducing susceptibility to corrosion in physiological environments.
The surface functionalization of NMGs has been a breakthrough in enhancing their bioactivity. Techniques like plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) have created nanoporous surfaces with pore sizes ranging from 50-200 nm, promoting osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. In vitro studies have demonstrated a 40% increase in cell viability compared to traditional titanium alloys, paving the way for next-generation implant materials.
Additive manufacturing has enabled the fabrication of complex NMG geometries with minimal defects. Selective laser melting (SLM) has achieved relative densities above 99%, while maintaining amorphous structures critical for mechanical performance. This capability allows for patient-specific implants with optimized mechanical and biological properties.
The degradation behavior of NMGs is also being explored for temporary implants. Controlled dissolution rates can be achieved by tailoring alloy compositions, such as incorporating Mg or Ca elements. In vivo studies have shown complete degradation within 6-12 months, eliminating the need for secondary removal surgeries.
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