MXene-carbon hybrids are revolutionizing energy storage technologies by combining the high conductivity of MXenes (up to 10⁴ S/cm) with the structural stability of carbon materials. Recent studies have demonstrated that MXene-graphene composites exhibit specific capacitances exceeding 500 F/g at scan rates of 10 mV/s, outperforming standalone MXenes or graphene. The synergistic effect between these materials also enhances rate capability, retaining over 80% capacitance at ultrahigh current densities of 100 A/g.
The application of MXene-carbon hybrids in lithium-sulfur batteries has shown remarkable promise. By incorporating sulfur into porous carbon-MXene matrices, researchers have achieved sulfur utilization efficiencies above 90% and cycle stabilities exceeding 1000 cycles at a capacity retention rate of over 70%. The strong polysulfide adsorption capability of MXenes reduces the shuttle effect, while the carbon framework ensures efficient electron transport and mechanical integrity during cycling.
Beyond batteries, these hybrids are being explored for supercapacitors with record-breaking energy densities. For example, MXene-carbon nanotube composites have demonstrated energy densities up to 50 Wh/kg while maintaining power densities above 10 kW/kg. This performance is attributed to the hierarchical porosity and tailored surface chemistry that optimize ion diffusion pathways and interfacial charge transfer kinetics.
The scalability of MXene-carbon hybrid production is another critical focus area. Advanced techniques like chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electrospinning have enabled large-scale fabrication with precise control over composition and morphology. Recent advancements in roll-to-roll manufacturing have reduced production costs by over 30%, making these materials commercially viable for grid-scale energy storage systems.
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