Graphene-Based Nanocomposites

Graphene-based nanocomposites exhibit unparalleled mechanical properties, with tensile strengths exceeding 130 GPa and Young’s moduli of up to 1 TPa. These materials leverage graphene’s high surface area (2630 m²/g) and exceptional electrical conductivity (10⁶ S/m) to create lightweight yet robust structures. Recent studies show that adding just 0.1 wt% graphene to polymer matrices increases tensile strength by over 50%, making these composites ideal for aerospace and automotive industries seeking weight reduction without compromising performance.

The thermal conductivity of graphene-based nanocomposites reaches up to 5000 W/m·K, enabling efficient heat dissipation in electronic devices. This property is critical for next-generation semiconductors operating at power densities exceeding 100 W/cm². Researchers have developed epoxy-graphene composites with thermal conductivities improved by a factor of 10 compared to pure epoxy, significantly enhancing device reliability and lifespan. Such materials are being integrated into high-performance computing and renewable energy systems like solar panels and batteries.

Graphene’s electrical properties make it a key component in flexible electronics and sensors. Nanocomposites incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) exhibit sheet resistances as low as 30 Ω/sq while maintaining flexibility under strains of up to 20%. These materials are being used in wearable health monitors capable of detecting physiological signals like heart rate and muscle activity with millisecond precision. Additionally, graphene-based sensors can detect trace gases at concentrations as low as parts per billion (ppb), enabling applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety.

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