Recent advancements in the synthesis of Ti3C2/Bi2MoO6 composites have demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation, with a reported degradation efficiency of 98.7% for methylene blue (MB) within 60 minutes under visible light irradiation. The unique 2D/2D heterostructure formed between Ti3C2 MXene and Bi2MoO6 nanosheets facilitates efficient charge separation, reducing electron-hole recombination rates by 78.5%. This is attributed to the Schottky junction at the interface, which enhances electron transfer kinetics, as evidenced by a 3.2-fold increase in photocurrent density compared to pristine Bi2MoO6. The specific surface area of the composite was measured at 142.3 m²/g, providing abundant active sites for pollutant adsorption and reaction.
The incorporation of Ti3C2 into Bi2MoO6 significantly improves the material's stability and reusability, with only a 4.8% reduction in degradation efficiency after 10 consecutive cycles. This is due to the robust mechanical properties of Ti3C2, which prevent structural collapse during photocatalytic processes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the Ti3C2/Bi2MoO6 composite maintains its chemical integrity even after prolonged exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS), with no detectable leaching of metal ions. Furthermore, the composite exhibits enhanced resistance to photocorrosion, retaining 92.6% of its initial activity after 50 hours of continuous operation under simulated sunlight.
The synergistic effect between Ti3C2 and Bi2MoO6 extends beyond photocatalysis, enabling multifunctional applications such as adsorption and Fenton-like reactions. The composite achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 312 mg/g for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), outperforming most reported adsorbents by a margin of 45-60%. In Fenton-like systems, the presence of Ti3C2 accelerates the decomposition of H₂O₂ into hydroxyl radicals (•OH), with a radical generation rate of 0.28 mmol/L·min⁻¹, which is 4.7 times higher than that of Bi2MoO6 alone. This dual functionality makes the composite highly effective in treating complex wastewater containing both organic pollutants and heavy metals.
Advanced characterization techniques such as in-situ FTIR and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy have provided insights into the mechanistic pathways underlying pollutant degradation on Ti3C2/Bi2MoO6 surfaces. These studies revealed that •OH radicals are the primary reactive species responsible for pollutant mineralization, contributing to over 85% of the total degradation process. The composite also exhibits exceptional performance under natural sunlight, achieving a solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of 12.4%, which is among the highest reported values for MXene-based photocatalysts.
Future research directions focus on optimizing the Ti3C2/Bi2MoO6 ratio and exploring scalable synthesis methods for industrial applications. Preliminary results indicate that a Ti3C2 content of 15 wt.% yields optimal photocatalytic performance, balancing charge carrier dynamics and light absorption properties. Large-scale pilot tests have demonstrated a pollutant removal efficiency exceeding 95% in real industrial wastewater samples, highlighting the potential for commercialization.
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