Quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as leading candidates for deterministic single-photon sources due to their high quantum efficiency (>90%) and narrow emission linewidths (<10 µeV). Recent advancements in strain engineering have enabled the tuning of QD emission wavelengths across a range of 100 nm while maintaining indistinguishability fidelities above 99%. Such sources are essential for scalable quantum networks operating at telecom wavelengths (1550 nm).
The integration of QDs with photonic crystal cavities has achieved Purcell factors exceeding 200, significantly enhancing photon extraction efficiency. Experiments have demonstrated single-photon emission rates of up to 100 MHz with a g^(2)(0) value below 0.01, indicating negligible multi-photon events. These developments are critical for applications in quantum key distribution (QKD), where secure communication distances have been extended beyond 300 km using QD-based sources.
Recent progress in electrical pumping of QDs has enabled compact and scalable single-photon sources operating at room temperature. Devices incorporating p-i-n junctions have achieved injection efficiencies above 80% and lifetimes exceeding 10^9 cycles without degradation. Such advancements pave the way for integrating single-photon sources into CMOS-compatible platforms for mass production.
The use of QDs in entangled photon pair generation has achieved concurrence values above 0.95, rivaling traditional spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources. Combined with advanced post-processing techniques, these systems enable entanglement distribution over metropolitan-scale networks with minimal loss.
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