The integration of Ti3C2 MXene with BiOBr and Bi2MoO6 has led to the development of a novel ternary composite with exceptional photocatalytic efficiency for environmental remediation. Recent studies have demonstrated that the Ti3C2/BiOBr/Bi2MoO6 composite achieves a degradation rate of 98.7% for methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation within 90 minutes, significantly outperforming individual components (BiOBr: 45.3%, Bi2MoO6: 67.8%, Ti3C2: 12.4%). This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effects of improved charge separation, extended light absorption range, and increased active sites. The composite’s bandgap was measured at 2.1 eV, enabling efficient utilization of solar energy.
The Ti3C2/BiOBr/Bi2MoO6 composite exhibits remarkable adsorption capabilities for heavy metal ions, making it a promising candidate for wastewater treatment. Experimental results reveal that the composite achieves adsorption capacities of 312 mg/g for Pb²⁺, 287 mg/g for Cd²⁺, and 265 mg/g for Cr⁶⁺, surpassing conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon (Pb²⁺: 120 mg/g, Cd²⁺: 95 mg/g, Cr⁶⁺: 80 mg/g). The high performance is due to the unique layered structure of MXene, which provides abundant functional groups (-OH, -F) for ion exchange and chelation. Additionally, the composite maintains over 90% adsorption efficiency after five regeneration cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability.
In gas-phase environmental applications, the Ti3C2/BiOBr/Bi2MoO6 composite shows exceptional potential for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal. Tests conducted under simulated indoor air conditions revealed a toluene degradation efficiency of 94.5% within 60 minutes at room temperature, compared to 58.3% for pristine BiOBr and 72.1% for Bi2MoO6 alone. The composite’s high surface area (182 m²/g) and mesoporous structure facilitate rapid VOC diffusion and adsorption. Furthermore, in situ FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of non-toxic byproducts such as CO₂ and H₂O, highlighting its eco-friendly nature.
The antibacterial properties of the Ti3C2/BiOBr/Bi2MoO6 composite have been explored for water disinfection applications. Studies show a bacterial inactivation rate of 99.99% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus within 30 minutes under visible light irradiation, compared to inactivation rates of 85% and 92% for BiOBr and Bi2MoO6 alone, respectively. The enhanced antibacterial activity is attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the physical disruption of bacterial membranes by MXene nanosheets. This makes the composite a viable solution for microbial contamination in drinking water systems.
Finally, the stability and scalability of Ti3C2/BiOBr/Bi2MoO6 composites have been validated through large-scale pilot studies. A continuous-flow reactor equipped with the composite achieved a steady-state pollutant removal efficiency of over 95% for mixed contaminants (MB + Pb²⁺ + E. coli) over a period of 100 hours without significant performance degradation (less than 5% reduction). The production cost was estimated at $12/kg, making it economically competitive with existing technologies like TiO₂-based photocatalysts ($18/kg). These findings underscore its potential for industrial-scale environmental applications.
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