Quantum dots (QDs) of II-VI materials, such as CdSe and ZnS, have achieved record-breaking photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) exceeding 95%, making them ideal for applications in high-efficiency LEDs and solar cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that core-shell structures, like CdSe/ZnS, can reduce non-radiative recombination rates by over 90%, significantly enhancing device performance. These QDs also exhibit tunable bandgaps from 1.8 eV to 3.2 eV, enabling precise control over emission wavelengths across the visible spectrum.
The integration of II-VI QDs into perovskite solar cells has led to power conversion efficiencies (PCE) surpassing 28%, a significant leap from traditional silicon-based cells. This is attributed to the QDs' ability to harvest photons in the UV and near-IR regions, increasing the overall photon-to-electron conversion efficiency by up to 15%. Moreover, their solution processability allows for scalable manufacturing, reducing production costs by approximately 30% compared to conventional methods.
Recent advancements in ligand engineering have enabled the synthesis of ultra-stable II-VI QDs with lifetimes exceeding 10,000 hours under continuous illumination. This stability is achieved through the use of novel ligands like zwitterionic molecules, which reduce surface defects by up to 70%. Such improvements are critical for commercial applications in displays and lighting, where longevity is paramount.
Emerging research focuses on leveraging II-VI QDs for quantum computing applications. For instance, CdTe QDs have shown coherence times of up to 100 nanoseconds at cryogenic temperatures, making them promising candidates for qubit implementation. Their compatibility with existing semiconductor fabrication techniques further enhances their potential for scalable quantum processors.
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