Ni2MnSn Heusler alloy powders have emerged as a focal point in advanced materials science due to their unique magnetostructural properties and potential applications in spintronics and energy-efficient technologies. Recent studies have demonstrated that these alloys exhibit a martensitic transformation temperature (TM) of approximately 210 K, which can be finely tuned by adjusting the stoichiometry or introducing dopants. For instance, substituting 5% of Mn with Co elevates TM to 250 K, while maintaining a Curie temperature (TC) of 320 K, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and magnetization measurements. The alloy's magnetic moment, measured at 4.2 μB/f.u., aligns with first-principles calculations, showcasing its potential for high-performance magnetic devices. Experimental data: TM=210 K, TC=320 K, Magnetic moment=4.2 μB/f.u.
The synthesis of Ni2MnSn Heusler alloy powders via high-energy ball milling has been optimized to achieve nanocrystalline structures with grain sizes below 50 nm, as verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These nanostructured powders exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, including a hardness of 8.5 GPa and a fracture toughness of 4.2 MPa·m^1/2, making them suitable for wear-resistant coatings. Furthermore, the powders' specific surface area of 15 m²/g facilitates efficient catalytic applications, particularly in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), where an overpotential of 120 mV at 10 mA/cm² was recorded. Experimental data: Grain size=50 nm, Hardness=8.5 GPa, Fracture toughness=4.2 MPa·m^1/2, Specific surface area=15 m²/g, HER overpotential=120 mV.
Recent advancements in the thermoelectric properties of Ni2MnSn Heusler alloy powders have revealed a figure of merit (ZT) of 0.35 at 300 K, which increases to 0.65 at 600 K due to reduced lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of 1.8 W/m·K at elevated temperatures. This enhancement is attributed to phonon scattering at grain boundaries and defects introduced during mechanical alloying. Additionally, the Seebeck coefficient (S) of -150 μV/K and electrical conductivity (σ) of 1.5 × 10^5 S/m were measured at room temperature, positioning these materials as promising candidates for thermoelectric generators in waste heat recovery systems. Experimental data: ZT=0.35 at 300 K, ZT=0.65 at 600 K, κL=1.8 W/m·K, S=-150 μV/K, σ=1.5 × 10^5 S/m.
The integration of Ni2MnSn Heusler alloy powders into thin-film devices has demonstrated remarkable magnetocaloric effects (MCE), with an entropy change (ΔS) of -12 J/kg·K under a magnetic field change of 5 T near room temperature. This performance surpasses conventional rare-earth-based materials and is attributed to the alloy's first-order magnetostructural transition. Moreover, the thin films exhibit a coercivity (Hc) of 50 Oe and a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 80 emu/g, making them ideal for magnetic refrigeration applications with minimal hysteresis losses. Experimental data: ΔS=-12 J/kg·K under ΔH=5 T near RT.
Finally, computational modeling using density functional theory (DFT) has provided insights into the electronic structure and phase stability of Ni2MnSn Heusler alloys. The calculations predict a bandgap opening in the minority spin channel due to hybridization between Ni-d and Sn-p orbitals, which is crucial for spin-filtering applications in spintronic devices. The computed formation energy (-0.45 eV/atom) confirms the thermodynamic stability of the L21 phase under ambient conditions.
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