Interfacial engineering has emerged as a key strategy for suppressing dendrite growth in aqueous metal anodes such as zinc and aluminum.Recent studies have demonstrated that coating zinc electrodes with graphene oxide (GO) layers can reduce dendrite formation by homogenizing ion flux across the electrode surface.For instance,a GO-coated Zn anode exhibited stable cycling for over 500 hours at a current density of 10 mA/cm^2,a tenfold improvement compared to uncoated electrodes.This approach significantly enhances cycle life while maintaining Coulombic efficiencies above ~99%.
The use of artificial solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) has also shown promise in stabilizing metal anodes.For example,a Zn anode coated with an Al2O3 SEI layer achieved >95% capacity retention after ~1,000 cycles at ~5 mA/cm^2.The SEI layer not only suppresses dendrite growth but also minimizes hydrogen evolution by creating a barrier against water penetration.This dual functionality is critical for achieving long-term stability in practical applications.
Electrolyte additives play a crucial role in interfacial engineering by modifying electrode-electrolyte interactions.For instance,the addition of ~1 wt.% polyethylene glycol (PEG) to an aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte reduced dendrite formation by promoting uniform Zn deposition.The resulting cells exhibited >90% capacity retention after ~800 cycles at ~20 mA/cm^2,demonstrating the effectiveness of additive-based strategies in enhancing performance.
Advanced imaging techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have provided atomic-scale insights into dendrite suppression mechanisms.For example,cryo-EM studies revealed that GO coatings induce epitaxial Zn deposition along preferred crystallographic orientations,thereby preventing random dendrite growth.Such mechanistic understanding accelerates the development of novel interfacial engineering strategies tailored to specific metal anode materials.
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