Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising precursor for quantum dots (QDs) due to their tunable bandgaps and exceptional electronic properties. Recent studies have demonstrated the synthesis of CNT-derived QDs with photoluminescence quantum yields exceeding 80%, rivaling traditional semiconductor QDs. These QDs exhibit size-dependent emission wavelengths ranging from 450 nm to 750 nm, enabling applications in multicolor displays and biosensors. Advanced characterization techniques, such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), reveal that the QDs maintain a crystalline structure with lattice spacings of ~0.34 nm, akin to graphene. The scalability of this synthesis method, achieving yields of up to 95%, positions CNT-derived QDs as a transformative material for next-generation optoelectronics.
The integration of CNT-derived QDs into light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has shown remarkable efficiency improvements. Devices incorporating these QDs demonstrate external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 22%, significantly higher than conventional organic LEDs. This enhancement is attributed to the QDs' high charge carrier mobility (~1000 cm²/Vs) and low defect density (<10¹² cm⁻²). Furthermore, the QDs' narrow emission linewidths (~20 nm) enable precise color tuning, critical for high-definition displays. Recent advancements in device architecture, such as tandem structures, have pushed the luminous efficacy to over 150 lm/W, setting new benchmarks for energy-efficient lighting solutions.
The application of CNT-derived QDs in photovoltaics has also garnered significant attention. When incorporated into perovskite solar cells, these QDs act as efficient charge transport layers, reducing recombination losses and enhancing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from ~18% to over 25%. This improvement is facilitated by the QDs' high electron mobility (~2000 cm²/Vs) and optimal band alignment with perovskite materials. Additionally, the stability of these devices under continuous illumination (1000 hours at AM1.5G conditions) surpasses that of traditional counterparts, addressing one of the major challenges in perovskite solar cell commercialization.
Beyond optoelectronics, CNT-derived QDs are being explored for biomedical imaging due to their biocompatibility and tunable emission properties. In vivo studies have demonstrated their ability to achieve deep-tissue imaging with penetration depths exceeding 5 mm and resolutions down to ~10 µm. The QDs' surface functionalization with targeting ligands enables specific binding to cancer cells, achieving detection sensitivities as low as 10⁴ cells/mL. Moreover, their low cytotoxicity (<10% cell viability reduction at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL) makes them suitable for long-term diagnostic applications.
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