Recent advancements in materials science have demonstrated that sodium iodide (NaI) additives significantly enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By incorporating NaI into the perovskite precursor solution, researchers achieved a remarkable increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 18.7% to 22.3%. This improvement is attributed to the passivation of defects at grain boundaries and the optimization of charge carrier dynamics. The NaI additive also reduced hysteresis effects, with the hysteresis index decreasing from 0.12 to 0.04, indicating more stable and reliable device performance under operational conditions.
In the field of solid-state batteries, NaI additives have been shown to improve ionic conductivity and interfacial stability. A study revealed that adding 5 wt% NaI to a sulfide-based solid electrolyte increased ionic conductivity from 2.1 mS/cm to 4.8 mS/cm at room temperature. Furthermore, the interfacial resistance between the electrolyte and lithium metal anode decreased by 65%, from 1200 Ω·cm² to 420 Ω·cm². This enhancement is critical for achieving high-energy-density batteries with prolonged cycle life, as evidenced by a capacity retention of 92% after 500 cycles in a prototype cell.
NaI additives have also been explored in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to boost electroluminescence efficiency. By doping the electron transport layer with NaI, researchers observed a 30% increase in external quantum efficiency (EQE), from 12% to 15.6%. The luminance efficiency improved from 45 cd/A to 58 cd/A, while the turn-on voltage decreased by 0.3 V, from 3.2 V to 2.9 V. These results highlight the potential of NaI in reducing energy consumption and enhancing brightness in next-generation display technologies.
In catalysis, NaI additives have been utilized to optimize photocatalytic hydrogen production. A study demonstrated that adding NaI to a TiO₂-based photocatalyst increased hydrogen evolution rates by a factor of 2.5, from 120 µmol/h/g to 300 µmol/h/g under visible light irradiation. The additive facilitated efficient charge separation and reduced recombination rates, as confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy showing a 40% decrease in emission intensity at peak wavelengths.
Finally, NaI additives have shown promise in enhancing the performance of supercapacitors. Incorporating NaI into an activated carbon electrode increased specific capacitance by 35%, from 250 F/g to 337 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The energy density improved from 35 Wh/kg to 47 Wh/kg, while maintaining excellent cycling stability with only a 5% capacitance loss after 10,000 cycles. These findings underscore the versatility of NaI additives in advancing energy storage technologies.
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