Perovskite-Based Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction

Perovskite-based photocatalysts have emerged as frontrunners in CO2 reduction technologies, with recent studies achieving solar-to-fuel efficiencies exceeding 20%. A breakthrough reported in Nature Energy demonstrated that CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals could convert CO2 to methane with a quantum yield of 12.5% under visible light irradiation. This performance surpasses traditional TiO2-based catalysts by a factor of three, making perovskites a game-changer for renewable energy storage and carbon neutrality goals.

The tunable bandgap of perovskites allows precise control over photocatalytic activity across the solar spectrum. By doping with transition metals like Ni or Co, researchers have achieved bandgap reductions from 2.3 eV to as low as 1.8 eV, enabling efficient utilization of near-infrared light. A study in Advanced Materials showed that Ni-doped CsPbI3 achieved a CO2 conversion rate of 0.8 mmol/g/h under simulated sunlight, outperforming undoped counterparts by over 50%. This tunability is critical for optimizing energy harvesting in diverse environmental conditions.

Stability remains a key challenge for perovskite photocatalysts due to their susceptibility to moisture and UV-induced degradation. Recent advancements in encapsulation techniques have extended operational lifetimes from hours to over six months without significant performance loss. For instance, coating CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with hydrophobic silica layers reduced degradation rates by over 90%, as reported in Joule Journal.

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