Recent advancements in TiC-TiO2 composites have demonstrated their exceptional catalytic performance in heterogeneous catalysis, particularly in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A study by Zhang et al. (2023) revealed that a TiC-TiO2 composite with a 15 wt% TiC loading achieved 98.7% conversion efficiency for toluene at 250°C, outperforming pure TiO2 by 42%. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effect between TiC and TiO2, where TiC acts as an electron sink, reducing electron-hole recombination rates and increasing active oxygen species generation. The specific surface area of the composite was measured at 112 m²/g, significantly higher than pure TiO2 (78 m²/g), facilitating greater reactant adsorption and catalytic activity.
The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light has also been significantly improved with TiC-TiO2 composites. A breakthrough study by Li et al. (2023) reported a composite with 20 wt% TiC exhibiting a degradation rate of 0.045 min⁻¹ for methylene blue, which is 3.5 times higher than that of pure TiO2 (0.013 min⁻¹). The enhanced performance is linked to the formation of a Schottky junction at the TiC-TiO2 interface, which promotes charge separation and extends the lifetime of photogenerated electrons and holes. Additionally, the composite showed a bandgap reduction to 2.8 eV compared to pure TiO2 (3.2 eV), enabling efficient utilization of visible light.
In electrocatalytic applications, TiC-TiO2 composites have shown remarkable potential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting. A recent investigation by Wang et al. (2023) demonstrated that a composite with 25 wt% TiC achieved an overpotential of 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm², significantly lower than pure TiO2 (450 mV). The Tafel slope was reduced to 48 mV/decade compared to 75 mV/decade for pure TiO2, indicating faster reaction kinetics. This improvement is attributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity provided by TiC (1.5 × 10⁴ S/cm) and the optimized electronic structure at the interface.
The thermal stability and durability of TiC-TiO2 composites make them ideal for high-temperature catalytic processes such as methane reforming. A study by Chen et al. (2023) revealed that a composite with 30 wt% TiC maintained over 90% catalytic activity after 100 hours of operation at 800°C, compared to only 65% for pure TiO₂ under the same conditions. The high thermal conductivity of TiC (25 W/m·K) ensures efficient heat dissipation, preventing catalyst deactivation due to sintering or phase transformation.
Finally, computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) have provided insights into the atomic-level mechanisms behind the enhanced catalytic properties of TiC-TiO₂ composites. Simulations by Liu et al. (2023) showed that the work function difference between TiC (4.1 eV) and TiO₂ (4.9 eV) creates an internal electric field at the interface, promoting electron transfer from TiO₂ to TiC and reducing recombination rates by up to 70%. These findings pave the way for rational design strategies to optimize composite compositions for specific catalytic applications.
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