Recent advances in II-VI quantum dots (QDs) have enabled record-breaking quantum efficiencies exceeding 95% in red and green emitters, making them ideal for quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). These QDs, such as CdSe/ZnS core-shell structures, exhibit narrow emission linewidths of <20 nm, ensuring high color purity. The use of alloyed CdZnSeS QDs has further improved thermal stability, with operational lifetimes exceeding 100,000 hours at 1000 cd/m².
The integration of II-VI QDs into flexible displays has been achieved through novel encapsulation techniques using atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al₂O₃, reducing moisture permeability to <10⁻⁶ g/m²/day. This has enabled foldable QLED prototypes with a bending radius of <1 mm and no degradation after 10,000 cycles. Additionally, the use of solution-processed QDs has reduced manufacturing costs by up to 30% compared to traditional OLEDs.
Efforts to eliminate toxic cadmium from II-VI QDs have led to the development of InP/ZnSeS QDs with comparable performance. These cadmium-free QDs achieve external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of >90% and have been integrated into commercial displays by major manufacturers. The use of machine learning algorithms to optimize synthesis parameters has reduced trial-and-error experimentation by 50%, accelerating commercialization.
Recent breakthroughs in blue-emitting II-VI QDs have addressed the long-standing efficiency gap, achieving EQEs of >85% through precise control of shell thickness and composition gradients. This has enabled full-color QLED displays with a color gamut covering >120% of the NTSC standard. Future research focuses on hybrid perovskite-QD systems to further enhance performance and stability.
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