Failure mode analysis

Thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion batteries

Mechanical deformation-induced internal short circuits

Electrolyte decomposition and gas evolution failure modes

Current collector corrosion and interfacial degradation

Lithium plating and stripping-induced failures

BMS-related failure cascades

Binder degradation and electrode disintegration

Multi-physics coupled failure mechanisms

Aging-induced impedance rise failures

Manufacturing defect-originated failures

Interfacial phase transformation failures

Current distribution inhomogeneity failures