Thermal management systems

Liquid cooling systems for battery packs

Phase change materials (PCMs) in battery thermal regulation

Heat pipe technologies for battery cooling

Air-cooled battery thermal management strategies

Thermoelectric cooling for precision battery temperature control

Thermal interface materials for battery heat dissipation

Battery heating systems for low-temperature operation

Thermal runaway propagation mitigation techniques

Dielectric immersion cooling for high-performance batteries

Thermal management system control algorithms

Cryogenic cooling for superconducting battery systems

Hybrid thermal management system architectures